The Impact of Cold Storage on Biological Sample Integrity

In the realm of scientific research, the reliability of data hinges on the integrity of biological samples. With winter upon us, researchers are faced with the added challenge of safeguarding these precious materials from the ravages of cold weather. This article offers a deep dive into the significance of cold storage for maintaining sample quality and shares essential strategies to protect your research from temperature-related adversities.

The Crucial Role of Cold Storage

Stable cold storage is essential for preserving biological samples, yet capable of causing their degradation if not properly managed. Minor temperature fluctuations can alter the biological and chemical makeup of DNA, RNA, proteins, and cell cultures. For example, storing biological samples in an ultra-low temperature (ULT) freezer set at -80°C is a common practice. However, research suggests that raising the freezer cabinet temperature to -70°C can lead to significant energy savings while maintaining sample integrity​​.¹ The vast majority of frozen biological materials, including nucleic acids, bacteria, viruses, and proteins, remain viable at -70°C​​.¹

Vulnerable Samples in Cold Weather

As temperatures drop, the risk to biological samples rises, especially for those requiring strict temperature controls, such as enzymes or cell lines. Temperature control is critical to many molecular and cellular experiments. Inefficient temperature management methods can increase workload, time pressures, and the risk of human error​​.² Ice crystal formation, which begins as samples approach 0 – 4 °C, is particularly detrimental to sensitive cell culture experiments​​.²

Strategies for Sample Protection

Effective sample protection extends beyond setting the right temperature. It includes continuous monitoring, insulated containers, and regular maintenance checks. Optimal cryostorage considers the individual sample's unique composition and its cooling rate to prevent cold shock or chilling injury​​.³ Cryoprotective agents like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can protect samples from freeze-thaw cycles, although they must be used within specific time frames to avoid cryoinjury​​.³ Automated controlled freezing systems and low-tech devices like the Mr. Frosty freezing container can maintain the proper temperature during sample transport​​.³

Technological Solutions for Sample Safety

Recent advancements in freezer technology have greatly enhanced our ability to maintain sample integrity. Today's freezers offer features such as dual refrigeration systems, smart monitoring systems, and energy-efficient designs. These innovations represent a leap forward in sample protection technology, offering researchers greater confidence in their cold storage solutions​​.¹

MIDSCI in the Cold Season

With the cold season looming, it's imperative to prioritize the security of your biological samples. MIDSCI is here to support your research with our top-of-the-line freezers. Our Haier TwinCool -86°C ULT Freezers with Touchscreen feature dual independent refrigeration systems, delivering unparalleled sample safety. The Haier -30°C Biomedical Freezer offers an eco-friendly, power-saving solution without compromising on performance. For diverse laboratory applications, our Haier Biomedical -40ºC Laboratory Freezers provide precise control and multiple safety alarms. Equip your lab for the winter with our reliable freezers to ensure the integrity of your samples for future success.

Sources:

1. The University of Edinburgh. "Freezers best practice."  Andrew Arnott, May 2021.
2. Labroots. "When Sample Temperature Matters: how to keep your cool in the lab." Cell And Molecular Biology. 
3. Molecules. "Natural Cryoprotective and Cytoprotective Agents in Cryopreservation: A Focus on Melatonin." Ekaterina Yurchenko, Academic Editor and Dmitry Aminin, Academic Editor, May 2022.